One bar holds four numbers. What charts say and what they do not.
A candle compresses four values from a fixed period: the price at the start, the highest reached, the lowest reached, and the price at the end. The body spans start to end, and the lines above and below mark the extremes touched within that period. A short body with long lines means price moved far and came back.
The same period looks complicated on one-minute bars and simple on daily bars. Shorter units carry more noise, so meaningless movement looks like a pattern. Depending on which timeframe you view, the same asset can appear to be rising or falling, so deciding what you are looking at comes first.
An identical price rise means different things on heavy volume and on thin volume. Movement at low volume can be produced by a small number of orders. That is why prices jump sharply in quiet hours or in thinly traded assets, and reading such movement as a trend leads you wrong.
A moving average plots the average price over a recent window. It smooths jagged prices to make direction visible, but because it averages past values it always moves later than price does.
Charts come with a large vocabulary of pattern names. The difficulty is that on a chart that has already happened, any pattern can be found. Explaining afterwards and calling it in advance are different things. A chart compresses what has happened; it is not a device that tells you what comes next.
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